| Purpose | Linking words |
|---|---|
| Adding | Furthermore, In addition, Moreover, Also, Not only… but also |
| Contrasting | However, Although, While, Whereas, On the other hand, Nevertheless |
| Examples | For example, For instance, such as, In particular |
| Cause | because, since, as, due to, owing to |
| Effect | Therefore, As a result, Consequently, This means that |
| Sequencing | Firstly, Secondly, Finally, Following this |
| Concluding | In conclusion, Overall, To sum up |
Free printable: a one-page linking words cheat sheet with examples and grammar rules. ⬇ Download the PDF
Get the grammar right
- However starts a new sentence or follows a semicolon: Prices rose. However, demand stayed high.
- Although joins two clauses in one sentence: Although prices rose, demand stayed high.
- Despite is followed by a noun or -ing: Despite rising prices, demand stayed high.
- Due to is followed by a noun: due to the rain, not ~~due to it rained~~.
Don't overuse them
Starting every sentence with a linking word sounds mechanical. Examiners reward linking that's accurate and natural, not frequent. One or two per paragraph is usually enough.
Use these in your IELTS essays and PTE essays.
Frequently asked questions
What are linking words?
Words and phrases that connect ideas, like however, as a result, for example and in addition.
Which linking words are best for essays?
Use a range: however, moreover, as a result, for instance, on the other hand, in conclusion.
Can I use too many linking words?
Yes. Use them only where they show a real connection.